The Common European Framework divides learners into three broad divisions that can be divided into six levels:
- A Basic User
- A1 Breakthrough or beginner
- A2 Waystage or elementary
- B Independent User
- B1 Threshold or intermediate
- B2 Vantage or upper intermediate
- C Proficient User
- C1 Effective Operational Proficiency or advanced
- C2 Mastery or proficiency
The CEFR describes what a learner is supposed to be able to do in reading, listening, speaking and writing at each level.
level group |
A |
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level group name |
Basic User |
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level |
A1 |
A2 |
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level name |
Breakthrough or beginner |
Waystage or elementary |
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description |
- Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and very basic
phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs of a concrete type.
- Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and answer
questions about personal details such as where he/she lives, people
he/she knows and things he/she has.
- Can interact in a simple way provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.
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- Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to
areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family
information, shopping, local geography, employment).
- Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a simple and
direct exchange of information on familiar and routine matters.
- Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.
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B |
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Independent User |
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B1 | B2 |
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Threshold or intermediate | Vantage or upper intermediate |
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- Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc.
- Can deal with most situations likely to arise while travelling in an area where the language is spoken.
- Can produce simple connected text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest.
- Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and
briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
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- Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and
abstract topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of
specialisation.
- Can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes
regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain
for either party.
- Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and
explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and
disadvantages of various options.
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C |
Proficient User |
C1 |
Effective Operational Proficiency or advanced |
- Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning.
- Can express ideas fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions.
- Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes.
- Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex
subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors
and cohesive devices.
|
C2 |
Mastery or proficiency |
- Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read.
- Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources,
reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation.
- Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely,
differentiating finer shades of meaning even in the most complex
situations.
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These descriptors can apply to any of the languages spoken in Europe, and there are translations in many languages.
Deutsche Welle
suggests A1 is reached with about 75 hours of German tuition, A2.1 with
about 150 hours, A2.2 with about 225 hours, B1.1 with about 300 hours,
and B1.2 with about 400 hours.[5]
Cambridge ESOL said that each level is reached with the following
guided learning hours: A2, 180–200; B1, 350–400; B2, 500–600; C1,
700–800, and C2, 1,000–1,200.[6]
Alliance Française has stated students can expect to reach CEFR
levels after the following cumulative hours of instruction: A1 60–100,
A2 160–200, B1 360–400, B2 560–650, C1 810–950, C2 1060–1200.[7]
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