The Common European Framework divides learners into three broad divisions which can be divided into six levels:
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The
Common European Framework describes what a learner is supposed to be
able to do in reading, listening, speaking and writing at each level:
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Can understand and use familiar everyday
expressions and very basic phrases aimed at the satisfaction of needs
of a concrete type. Can introduce him/herself and others and can ask and
answer questions about personal details such as where he/she lives,
people he/she knows and things he/she has. Can interact in a simple way
provided the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to
help.
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Can understand sentences and frequently
used expressions related to areas of most immediate relevance (e.g. very
basic personal and family information, shopping, local geography,
employment). Can communicate in simple and routine tasks requiring a
simple and direct exchange of information on familiar and routine
matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her background,
immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate need.
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Can understand the main points of clear
standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work,
school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise
whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce
simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal
interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes &
ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and
plans.
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Can understand the main ideas of complex
text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical
discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can interact with a
degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with
native speakers quite possible without strain for either party. Can
produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a
viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of
various options.
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Can understand a wide range of
demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express
him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching
for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social,
academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured,
detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of
organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.
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Can understand with ease virtually
everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different
spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a
coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very
fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of meaning even in
the most complex situations.
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