Wednesday, August 15, 2012

La Ansiedad en los Adolescentes (laguia2000.com)


La conducta abúlica de los adolescentes muchas veces no obedece a que no encuentran algo de su interés y estén aburridos sino a que están deprimidos. 

La etapa adolescente conlleva una serie de situaciones de cambio que hay que afrontar y que no todos pueden lograr con éxito.

El hecho de tener un comportamiento retraído en exceso, de mostrarse preocupado, de sentirse temeroso al extremo y aislado pueden ser los síntomas que enciendan la señal de alarma.

Porque la ansiedad está asociada a la depresión, que es una enfermedad, y como tal hay que tratarla convenientemente lo antes posible, para evitar la caída en la adicciones y hasta frecuentemente en el suicidio.

El adolescente afectado está preocupado e invadido de pensamientos pesimistas que no tienen fundamento y la razón no es tanto externa sino interna; un mundo interno con un conflicto sin resolver que se vuelve día a día más amenazante.

Influyen varios factores para que se desarrolle este trastorno que muchas veces se suele confundir con un estado pasajero. La historia familiar, es decir, los antecedentes genéticos; las características de su entorno, que incluye su ambiente social y sus familiares directos, su personalidad y su estado emocional que incluye sus circunstancias sus creencias y sus sentimientos.

Es importante solicitar la ayuda de un profesional para realizar una terapia individual o grupal para que el adolescente pueda reconocer cuál es el factor que interviene en mayor medida para provocarle ansiedad y angustia, identificar las situaciones que desencadenan ese estado de ánimo, aprender a controlar sus pensamientos negativos para poder así liberarse y dominar su comportamiento.

Los padres deberán asistir periódicamente a algunas sesiones donde el terapeuta tendrá la oportunidad de enseñarles cómo deben ayudar a sus hijos sin extralimitarse, dejándole el margen de libertad necesaria para vivir sus experiencias personales, sin el temor al fracaso que a veces pueden ocasionar las expectativas familiares demasiado ambiciosas.

Algunos padres tienen que saber que es mejor no hacer nada que hacer demasiado, porque van a tener mejores resultados si aprenden a manejar sus propias ansiedades y se animen a ver a sus hijos enfrentar solos las dificultades.

Crecer es a veces doloroso pero es necesario. Alguna vez vamos a verlos partir y estarán solos y es indispensable que antes que llegue el momento del desprendimiento puedan entrenarse sanamente y aprender a desenvolverse sin su ayuda.

Todas las adicciones tienen una base común y es la depresión, que se caracteriza por la falta de confianza en si mismo, la baja autoestima, el aislamiento, la abulia, la inacción, el insomnio y el abandono personal.

La mejor ayuda es acompañar al adolescente en este proceso, sin intervenir ni asumir como propio el problema.

Principios que se deben transmitir a los Hijos


Educar a un niño no es una tarea fácil, más bien todo lo contrario. Aquí encontrará una guía con algunas pautas básicas para comenzar esta difícil y desafiante experiencia con éxito. A veces, para los adultos es difícil distinguir lo que está bien de lo que está mal, imagínese entonces lo que les costará a los niños hacer esta diferenciación. Todos los padres se preocupan por la salud, educación y el bienestar de sus hijos, pero y los valores éticos dónde entran? ¿Cuáles son los más importantes y cómo inculcarlos?

1. TOLERANCIA

Comprender la posición de los otros y considerar las afinidades y las diferencias es primordial para ser tolerante. Al primer signo de intolerancia, recuérdele que la base de la convivencia es la aceptación y que lo diferente no es malo, sino simplemente distinto. Enséñeles que todo el mundo tiene derechos que deben ser respetados: Así defenderán sus propios derechos y comprenderán los de los demás.

2. SOLIDARIDAD

Hay que enseñarles a ponerse en el lugar de la otra persona y que entiendan que las necesidades de los demás deben atenderse como las propias. Asignar a sus hijos tareas como poner la ropa sucia en el cesto destinado a ella, hacer la camas o colgar la toalla después de bañarse les hará entender el valor de lo que significa ayudar en la casa. Es bueno elogiar su comportamiento, especialmente, cuando lo hacen sin esperar nada a cambio.

3. JUSTICIA
 
Los niños deben saber que las necesidades o deseos de los demás serán tenidos en cuenta, al mismo tiempo que los suyos. Hay que ayudarlos a superar su tendencia al egoísmo e interesarse sólo por sus necesidades.

4.  VALOR
 
Cuando la persona admite sus errores, demuestra que tiene coraje. También se requiere valor para soportar las bromas y disgustos que nos causan los demás. Los padres deben dar ejemplos cuando se enfrentan a situaciones que le producen temor, para que los niños puedan ver como manejar su propio miedos. Ayúdelos a combatir sus temores, animándoles a creer que puedan controlar la situación y enseñándoles la valentía a través de la resolución de problemas.

5.  VOLUNTAD
 
Es necesario que generen energía interior para afrontar las dificultades, retos y esfuerzos de la vida. En el día a día de la convivencia familiar, y mediante pequeños esfuerzos, los padres pueden hacer de sus hijos personas acostumbradas a afrontar y superar las dificultades que exigen empeño y esfuerzo.

6. RESPETO
 
Hay que tratar a los hijos con respeto. Cuando los regañamos, debemos hacerlo de buenas manera, sin insultarlos, ya que es mejor ejemplo es escuchar a los demás. Respetar su intimidad y sus pertenencias, con actos como llamar a la puerta antes de entrar en su cuarto o pedirle los lápices de colores antes de usarlos, demuestra que valoramos sus pertenencias y su espacio.

7. LEALTAD
 
Una persona leal cumple las promesas y se sacrifica por los demás. Para que lo cumplan es importante darles el ejemplo fomentando el compromiso familiar.

8. PACIENCIA
 
Es esencial que comprendan que no siempre pueden obtener lo que desean y que no, necesariamente, tienen derecho a todo lo que le piden. Es importante hacer que sus hijos trabajen para obtener lo que quieren, así aprenden a posponer la satisfacción de sus deseos y saben que lo que desean sólo se logra con esfuerzo y paciencia.

9.  RESPONSABILIDAD
 
Una actuación responsable implica una aceptación personal y libre de la tarea y una motivación interna para llevarla a cabo. Hay que encomendar tareas para los niños, según su edad; cada vez será mayor el número de situaciones de las que puedan hacerse cargo y su sentido de la responsabilidad se irá perfeccionando.

10. AUTODISCIPLINA
 
Ser capaces de decidir cuáles son los límites de nuestros comportamiento y respetar los límites de los demás. Para lograrlo se deben establecer reglas. A partir de los 8 años se comprende mejor la conveniencia de sacrificar los gustos personales en interes del grupo. El respeto a las reglas favorece el sentido de la justicia, de la lealtad, del orden, del derecho y del deber.

Comer lento y cuatro veces al día ayuda a mantenerse delgado (BBC)


Los adolescentes que siguen ciertos hábitos alimenticios, como comer lentamente y consumir cuatro comidas o más al día, tienen menores niveles de grasa corporal, independientemente del ejercicio que hagan, revela un estudio en España.
 
Los investigadores del Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Nutrición (ICTAN) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, estudiaron a cerca de 2.000 adolescentes de entre 13 y 18 años en cinco ciudades españolas.
El objetivo, dice el estudio publicado en Journal of Adolescent Health (Revista de Salud Adolescente), era investigar qué factores específicos del estilo de vida y la nutrición tienen una influencia en la prevención de la obesidad. 

"Son muchos los factores de la dieta que influyen en la prevalencia de obesidad: composición, la cantidad de energía y macronutrientes, el tipo de alimentos, momento en el que se consumen etc." explica a BBC Mundo la doctora Sonia Gómez, quien dirigió el estudio en el ICTAN.

"El objetivo de nuestro trabajo era encontrar patrones de hábitos de alimentación y actividad física relacionados con la obesidad y que pudieran ser utilizados como medida preventiva de este problema que nos genera y generará problemas a corto y medio plazo" agrega.

Para el estudio los investigadores analizaron los registros de jóvenes que estaban participando en el estudio Alimentación y Valoración del Estado Nutricional en Adolescentes (AVENA), un sondeo nacional sobre salud y nutrición de adolescentes españoles.

Los investigadores compararon los hábitos dietéticos de los participantes: las comidas que hacían, el tiempo que pasaban en cada una de ellas, el número de comidas, consumo de bebidas gaseosas y alimentos de comida rápida.

También registraron sus niveles de grasa corporal tomando medidas de los pliegues cutáneos en seis partes del cuerpo y su circunferencia de cintura.

Y se preguntó a los participantes cuánto ejercicio y actividad física llevaban a cabo en su tiempo libre.

Comer más y más lento

"Como conclusión podemos decir que determinados hábitos como comer menos de 4 veces al día o muy deprisa están asociados con mayor cantidad de grasa corporal en nuestros adolescentes" Dra. Sonia Gómez

Los resultados, como explica la doctora Gómez mostraron que los pliegues cutáneos y la circunferencia de cintura eran menores entre los adolescentes que consumían más de cuatro comidas.

Estos incluían: un refrigerio a media mañana, un refrigerio a medio día y cuatro comidas cada día.

Y según el estudio, los delgados también pasaban más tiempo del normal en cada comida.

"Nuestros resultados muestran que el consumo de un refrigerio a media mañana, un refrigerio a medio día, consumir más de cuatro comidas al día y pasar un tiempo adecuado en estas comidas son hábitos dietéticos importantes asociados con un nivel más bajo de grasa corporal en adolescentes españoles" dice la doctora Gómez.

El estudio mostró además que los adolescentes que consumían desayuno regularmente eran más delgados que los que se saltaban este alimento. Y los beneficios se observaron principalmente entre los varones que no llevaban a cabo ninguna actividad física en el día.

Tal como explica la doctora Gómez, los estudios en España muestran que 25% de los adolescentes -uno de cada tres niños y una de cada cuatro niñas- son obesos o tienen sobrepeso, y este período de desarrollo "es decisivo en la vida".

"La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica asociada al desarrollo prematuro de enfermedad cardiovascular, diabetes y cáncer" dicen los investigadores.

"Es necesario poner especial atención a la obesidad durante la niñez y adolescencia porque muchos estudios han revelado que los niños obesos tienen más probabilidades de convertirse en adultos obesos" agregan.

Dieta especial

El crecimiento que experimentan los jóvenes durante la pubertad -desarrollan casi 20% de altura y 50% de masa muscular y ósea- determina sus necesidades nutricionales.

Según la doctora Gómez, "durante la adolescencia se requiere una enorme cantidad de energía y nutrientes y se debe diseñar una dieta para satisfacer esas necesidades, especialmente con tres importantes minerales: calcio, hierro y zinc".

La recomendación para los adolescentes, agrega la investigadora, es que incluyan en sus alimentos tres o cuatro vasos de leche o yogur para obtener calcio, vitamina D y riboflavina; cinco o más porciones de frutas y vegetales; dos porciones de alimentos proteínicos magros; de seis a doce porciones de cereal, pasta, arroz y papas y consumir con moderación alimentos ricos en grasas y azúcar.

"Como conclusión podemos decir que determinados hábitos como comer menos de 4 veces al día o muy deprisa están asociados con mayor cantidad de grasa corporal en nuestros adolescentes" afirma la investigadora.

Study Questions with Answers - Part Eight


71. What is the imagination?
A form of constructive thought. The light by which we penetrate new worlds of thought and experience. The mighty instrument by which every inventor or discoverer opened the way from precedent to experience.
72. What is the result of imagination?
The cultivation of the imagination leads to the development of the ideal out of which your future will emerge.
73. How may it be cultivated?
By exercise; it must be supplied with nourishment or it cannot live.
74. How does imagination differ from daydreaming?
Day dreaming is a form of mental dissipation, while imagination is a form of constructive thought which must precede every constructive action.
75. What are mistakes?
The result of ignorance.
76. What is knowledge?
The result of man's ability to think.
77. What is the power with which successful men build?
Mind is the very moving force with which they secure the persons and circumstances necessary to complete their plans.
78. What pre-determines the result?
The ideal held steadily in mind attracts the necessary conditions for its fulfillment.
79. What is the result of a keen analytical observation?
The development of imagination, insight, perception and sagacity.
80. To what do these lead?
Opulence and harmony.


The Master Key System - Part Eight

 
In this Part you will find that you may freely choose what you think but the result of your thought is governed by an immutable law! Is not this a wonderful thought? Is it not wonderful to know that our lives are not subject to caprice or variability of any kind? That they are governed by law. This stability is our opportunity, because by complying with the law we can secure the desired effect with invariable precision.

It is the Law which makes the Universe one grand paean of Harmony. If it were not for law, the Universe would be a Chaos instead of a Cosmos.
Here, then, is the secret of the origin of both good and evil, this is all the good and evil there ever was or ever will be.

Let me illustrate. Thought results in action, if your thought is constructive and harmonious, the result will be good; if your thought is destructive or inharmonious, the result will be evil.

There is therefore but one law, one principle, on cause, one Source of Power, and good and evil are simply words which have been coined to indicate the result of our action, or our compliance or non-compliance with this law.

The importance of this is well illustrated in the lives of Emerson and Carlyle. Emerson loved the good and his life was a symphony of peace and harmony, Carlyle hated the bad, and his life was a record of perpetual discord and inharmony.

Here we have two grand men, each intent upon achieving the same ideal, but one makes use of constructive thought and is therefore in harmony with Natural Law, the other makes use of destructive thought and therefore brings upon himself discord of every kind and character.

It is evident therefore that we are to hate nothing, not even the "bad," because hatred is destructive, and we shall soon find that by entertaining destructive thought we are sowing the "wind" and in turn shall reap the "whirlwind."
 
PART EIGHT

1. Thought contains a vital principle, because it is the creative principle of the Universe and by its nature will combine with other similar thoughts.

2. As the one purpose of life is growth, all principles underlying existence must contribute to give it effect. Thought, therefore, takes form and the law of growth eventually brings it into manifestation. 

3. You may freely choose what you think, but the result of your thought is governed by an immutable law. Any line of thought persisted in cannot fail to produce its result in the character, health and circumstances of the individual. Methods whereby we can substitute habits of constructive thinking for those which we have found produce only undesirable effects are therefore of primary importance. 

4. We all know that this is by no means easy. Mental habits are difficult to control, but it can be done and the way to do it is to begin at once to substitute constructive thought for destructive thought. Form the habit of analyzing every thought. If it is necessary, if its manifestation in the objective will be a benefit, not only to yourself, but to all whom it may affect in any way, keep it; treasure it; it is of value; it is in tune with the Infinite; it will grow and develop and produce fruit an hundred fold. On the other hand, it will be well for you to keep this quotation from George Matthews Adams, in mind, "Learn to keep the door shut, keep out of your mind, out of your office, and out of your world, every element that seeks admittance with no definite helpful end in view."

5. If your thought has been critical or destructive, and has resulted in any condition of discord or inharmony in your environment, it may be necessary for you to cultivate a mental attitude which will be conducive to constructive thought. 

6. The imagination will be found to be a great assistance in this direction; the cultivation of the imagination leads to the development of the ideal out of which your future will emerge.

7. The imagination gathers up the material by which the Mind weaves the fabric in which your future is to be clothed.

8. Imagination is the light by which we can penetrate new worlds of thought and experience. 

9. Imagination is the mighty instrument by which every discoverer, every inventor, opened the way from precedent to experience. Precedent said, "It cannot be done;" experience said, "It is done." 

10. Imagination is a plastic power, molding the things of sense into new forms and ideals.

11. Imagination is the constructive form of thought which must precede every constructive form of action. 

12. A builder cannot build a structure of any kind until he has first received the plans from the architect, and the architect must get them from his imagination.

13. The Captain of Industry cannot build a giant corporation which may coordinate hundreds of smaller corporations and thousands of employees, and utilize millions of dollars of capital until he has first created the entire work in his imagination. Objects in the material world are as clay in the potter's hand; it is in the Master Mind that the real things are created, and it is by the use of the imagination that the work is done. In order to cultivate the imagination it must be exercised. Exercise is necessary to cultivate mental muscle as well as physical muscle. It must be supplied with nourishment or it cannot grow.

14. Do not confuse Imagination with Fancy, or that form of daydreaming in which some people like to indulge. Daydreaming is a form of mental dissipation which may lead to mental disaster. 

15. Constructive imagination means mental labor, by some considered to be the hardest kind of labor, but, if so, it yields the greatest returns, for all the great things in life have come to men and women who had the capacity to think, to imagine, and to make their dreams come true. 

16. When you have become thoroughly conscious of the fact that Mind is the only creative principle, that it is Omnipotent, Omniscient and Omnipresent, and that you can consciously come into harmony with this Omnipotence through your power of thought, you will have taken a long step in the right direction.

17. The next step is to place yourself in position to receive this power. As it is Omnipresent, it must be within you. We know that this is so because we know that all power is from within, but it must be developed, unfolded, cultivated; in order to do this we must be receptive, and this receptivity is acquired just as physical strength is gained, by exercise. 

18. The law of attraction will certainly and unerringly bring to you the conditions, environment, and experiences in life, corresponding with your habitual, characteristic, predominant mental attitude. Not what you think once in a while when you are in church, or have just read a good book, BUT your predominant mental attitude is what counts. 

19. You can not entertain weak, harmful, negative thoughts ten hours a day and expect to bring about beautiful, strong and harmonious conditions by ten minutes of strong, positive, creative thought.

20. Real power comes from within. All power that anybody can possibly use is within man, only waiting to be brought into visibility by his first recognizing it, and then affirming it as his, working it into his consciousness until he becomes one with it. 

21. People say that they desire abundant life, and so they do, but so many interpret this to mean that if they will exercise their muscles or breathe scientifically, eat certain foods in certain ways, drink so many glasses of water every day of just a certain temperature, keep out of drafts, they will attain the abundant life they seek. The result of such methods is but indifferent. However, when man awakens to the truth, and affirms his oneness with all Life, he finds that he takes on the clear eye, the elastic step, the vigor of youth; he finds that he has discovered the source of all power. 

22. All mistakes are but the mistakes of ignorance. Knowledge gaining and consequent power is what determines growth and evolution. The recognition and demonstration of knowledge is what constitutes power, and this power is spiritual power, and this spiritual power is the power which lies at the heart of all things; it is the soul of the universe.

23. This knowledge is the result of man's ability to think; thought is therefore the germ of man's conscious evolution. When man ceases to advance in his thoughts and ideals, his forces immediately begin to disintegrate and his countenance gradually registers these changing conditions. 

24. Successful men make it their business to hold ideals of the conditions which they wish to realize. They constantly hold in mind the next step necessary to the ideal for which they are striving. Thoughts are the materials with which they build, and the imagination is their mental workshop. Mind is the ever-moving force with which they secure the persons and circumstance necessary to build their success structure, and imagination is the matrix in which all great things are fashioned. 

25. If you have been faithful to your ideal, you will hear the call when circumstances are ready to materialize your plans and results will correspond in the exact ratio of your fidelity to your ideal. The ideal steadily held is what pre-determines and attracts the necessary conditions for its fulfillment.

26. It is thus that you may weave a garment of spirit and power into the web of your entire existence; it is thus that you may lead a charmed life and be forever protected from all harm; it is thus that you may become a positive force whereby conditions of opulence and harmony may be attracted to you. 

27. This is the leaven which is gradually permeating the general consciousness and is largely responsible for the conditions of unrest which are everywhere evident.

28. In the last Part you created a mental image, you brought it from the invisible into the visible; this week I want you to take an object and follow it back to its origination, see of what it really consists. If you do this you will develop imagination, insight, perception, and sagacity. These come not by the superficial observation of the multitude, but by a keen analytical observation which sees below the surface.

29. It is the few who know that the things which they see are only effects, and understand the causes by which these effects were brought into existence. 

30. Take the same position as heretofore and visualize a Battleship; see the grim monster floating on the surface of the water; there appears to be no life anywhere about; all is silence; you know that by far the largest part of the vessel is under water; out of sight; you know that the ship is as large and as heavy as a twenty-story skyscraper; you know that there are hundreds of men ready to spring to their appointed task instantly; you know that every department is in charge of able, trained, skilled officials who have proven themselves competent to take charge of this marvelous piece of mechanism; you know that although it lies apparently oblivious to everything else, it has eyes which see everything for miles around, and nothing is permitted to escape its watchful vision; you know that while it appears quiet, submissive and innocent, it is prepared to hurl a steel projectile weighing thousands of pounds at an enemy many miles away; this and much more you can bring to mind with comparatively no effort whatever. But how did the battleship come to be where it is; how did it come into existence in the first place? All of this you want to know if you are a careful observer. 

31. Follow the great steel plates through the foundries, see the thousands of men employed in their production; go still further back, and see the ore as it comes from the mine, see it loaded on barges or cars, see it melted and properly treated; go back still further and see the architect and engineers who planned the vessel; let the thought carry you back still further in order to determine why they planned the vessel; you will see that you are now so far back that the vessel is something intangible, it no longer exists, it is now only a thought existing in the brain of the architect; but from where did the order come to plan the vessel? Probably from the Secretary of Defense; but probably this vessel was planned long before the war was thought of, and that Congress had to pass a bill appropriating the money; possibly there was opposition, and speeches for or against the bill. Whom do these Congressmen represent? They represent you and me, so that our line of thought begins with the Battleship and ends with ourselves, and we find in the last analysis that our own thought is responsible for this and many other things, of which we seldom think, and a little further reflection will develop the most important fact of all and that is, if someone had not discovered the law by which this tremendous mass of steel and iron could be made to float upon the water, instead of immediately going to the bottom, the battleship could not have come into existence at all.

32. This law is that, "the specific gravity of any substance is the weight of any volume of it, compared with an equal volume of water." The discovery of this law revolutionized every kind of ocean travel, commerce and warfare, and made the existence of the battleship, aircraft carriers, and cruise ships possible. 

33. You will find exercises of this kind invaluable. When the thought has been trained to look below the surface everything takes on a different appearance, the insignificant becomes significant, the uninteresting interesting; the things which we supposed to be of no importance are seen to be the only really vital things in existence.

Look To This Day For it is Life, the very Life of Life. In Its brief course lie all the Verities and Realities of your existence; The Bliss of Growth; The Glory of Action; The Splendor of Beauty; For Yesterday is but a Dream, And tomorrow is only a Vision: But Today well lived makes every Yesterday a Dream of Happiness, and Every Tomorrow a Vision of Hope. Look well, therefore, to This Day!

From the Sanskrit

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